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Rethinking the Reliability of Eyewitness Memory.
Although certain pockets within the broad field of academic psychology have come to appreciate that eyewitness memory is more reliable than was once believed, the prevailing view, by far, is that eyewitness memory is unreliable-a blanket assessment that increasingly pervades the legal system. On the surface, this verdict seems unavoidable: Research convincingly shows that memory is malleable, and …
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Interviewing witnesses: the effect of forced confabulation on event memory.
After viewing a crime video, participants answered 16 answerable and 6 unanswerable questions. Those in the "voluntary guess" condition had a "don't know" response option; those in the "forced guess" condition did not. One week later the same questions were answered with a "don't know" option. In both experiments, information generated from forced confabulation was less likely remembered than info…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Incidental learning of proper names and "earwitness" recall.
This study tested recall of proper names versus other details of a crime in incidental learning conditions designed to parallel recall when an "earwitness" reports what he or she overheard from someone discussing a crime. Participants heard an audio recording of someone discussing details of a crime he had committed, and they then completed filler tasks designed to mislead them as to the study's t…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Eyewitness accuracy and retrieval effort: Effects of time and repetition.
An important task for the law enforcement is to assess the accuracy of eyewitness testimonies. Recent research show that indicators of effortful memory retrieval, such as pausing and hedging (e.g. "I think", "maybe"), are more common in incorrect recall. However, a limitation in these studies is that participants are interviewed shortly after witnessing an event, as opposed to after greater retent…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Test a Witness's Memory of a Suspect Only Once.
Eyewitness misidentifications are almost always made with high confidence in the courtroom. The courtroom is where eyewitnesses make their last identification of defendants suspected of (and charged with) committing a crime. But what did those same eyewitnesses do on the first identification test, conducted early in a police investigation? Despite testifying with high confidence in court, many eye…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Voice parade procedures: optimising witness performance.
Unfamiliar voice identification is error-prone. Whilst the investigation of system variables may indicate ways of boosting earwitness performance, this is an under-researched area. Two experiments were conducted to investigate how methods of presenting voices during a parade affect accuracy and self-rated confidence. In each experiment participants listened to a target voice, and were later asked …
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Eyewitness memory is reliable, but the criminal justice system is not.
The reliability of any type of forensic evidence (e.g., forensic DNA) is assessed by testing its information value when it is not contaminated and is properly tested. Assessing the reliability of forensic memory evidence should be no exception to that rule. Unfortunately, testing a witness's memory irretrievably contaminates it. Thus, only the first (properly conducted) test is relevant to the que…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Eyewitness confidence malleability: Misinformation as post-identification feedback.
Objective: Feedback from lineup administrators about identification accuracy significantly impacts witness confidence. In the current studies, we investigated the effect of post-identification feedback given 1-week after an initial, pristine lineup. We tested 2 kinds of feedback: typical feedback (i.e., about identification accuracy) and misinformation feedback. Misinformation feedback came in the…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Improving the identification accuracy of senior witnesses: do prelineup questions and sequential testing help?
Eyewitness research has identified sequential lineup testing as a way of reducing false lineup choices while maintaining accurate identifications. The authors examined the usefulness of this procedure for reducing false choices in older adults. Young and senior witnesses viewed a crime video and were later presented with target present orabsent lineups in a simultaneous or sequential format. In ad…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」
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Eyewitness confidence and decision time reflect identification accuracy in actual police lineups.
Although there are many lab-based studies demonstrating the utility of confidence and decision time as indicators of eyewitness accuracy, there is almost no research on how well these variables function for lineups in the real world. In two experiments, we examined confidence and decision time associated with real lineups that had been conducted using research-based recommendations. We expected th…
💬 論文と壁打ち β 残り 3 / 3 回 (今日)Abstract の内容だけを根拠に答えます。医療助言はしません。abstract に無い事実は「記載なし」と返します。質問例: 「要点を3つ教えて」「結論の限界は?」「N数と統計手法は?」「反論できる可能性は?」